The Effect of Special Exercises Combined with NMES Electrical Stimulation on the Development of Physical Abilities and Selected Physiological Variables in Fencers

Abstract

Physical training constitutes the foundation of the coaching process through its various methods, owing to its effectiveness in developing specific muscle groups that can be targeted and isolated, particularly in individual sports. This is especially crucial given the significant exertion athletes endure and the full duration of matches or bouts, which amplifies the physical strain placed upon them. The research problem was identified through the researcher's observation of several clubs in Wasit Governorate, collaboration with coaching staffs, and analysis of matches held within the governorate. It was noted that training programs are largely confined to rehabilitation protocols or the use of physiotherapy modalities, leading to numerous issues for fencers, including injuries, fatigue, and significant joint restrictions. Furthermore, a deficiency in general physical fitness components was observed, compounded by pain experienced by athletes during training or competitions. This weakness may also stem from a lack of focus in the exercises administered within the training units provided by the coaching staff. Therefore, this study aimed to develop therapeutic rehabilitation programs incorporating modern training modalities, such as electrical stimulation, and to observe their impact on the physical and functional efficiency of fencers. The research aimed to investigate the effect of exercises combined with (therapeutic) electrical stimulation and selected therapeutic modalities on: the physical variables of fencers, and the physiological variables of fencers. One of the most prominent findings was the effectiveness of exercises combined with NMES electrical stimulation in developing physical abilities and selected physiological variables in fencers.