تاريخ نشوء وتطور لعبة بناء الأجسام عبر العصور

‏ Daniels, D.B. "Gender (Body) Verification (Building)." Play & Culture, 5, 1992, 370-377.

Ancient sculptures and artifacts: such as Greek koroi and korai statues, and Roman sculptures, which embody strong and perfect bodies.

Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics

Berryman, J. W. (2004). Exercise is medicine: A historical perspective. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 3(4), 195-201

Berryman, J. W., & Park, R. J. (Eds.). (2012). Sport and spectacle in the ancient world. University of Illinois Press

Berryman, J. W., & Park, R. J. (Eds.). (2018). Sport and spectacle in the ancient world. University of Illinois Press

Brain, P. (1986). Galen on Bloodletting: A Study of the Origins, Development and Validity of his Opinions, with a Translation of the Three Works. Cambridge University Press.

Burke, P. (1978). Popular culture in early modern Europe. Harper & Row.

Carden‐Coyne, A. A. (1999). Classical heroism and modern life: bodybuilding and masculinity in the early twentieth century. Journal of Australian Studies, 23(63), 138-149.

Chapman, D. (2019). Sandow the Magnificent: Eugen Sandow and the Beginnings of Bodybuilding. University of Illinois Press.

Chapman, D. L. (1994). Sandow the magnificent: Eugen Sandow and the beginnings of bodybuilding (Vol. 114). University of Illinois Press.‏

Chappell, A.J.; Simper, T.; Barker, M.E. Nutritional strategies of high level natural bodybuilders during competition preparation. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2018, 15, 4.

Derksen, E. (2024). Bodybuilding: the Construction of Bodies.

Eugene Norman Gardiner, Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World: provides a comprehensive overview of games and sports in the ancient world and the importance of physical strength in them.

Fair, J. D. (1999). Mr. America: The Story of Bodybuilding in America. University of Texas Press.

Fairclough, A. (2010). Bodybuilding, gender and discourse: Critical perspectives on a cultural phenomenon. Routledge

Froissart, J. (1978). Chronicles (G. Brereton, Trans.). Penguin Books.

Goloshchapov B. R. Istoriya fizicheskoy kultury i sporta [History of Physical Culture and Sport], Moscow, 2008, 312 p. (rus) 2. Grigorevich V. V. Vseobshchaya istoriya fizicheskoy kultury [General History of Physical Culture), Moscow, 2008, 284 p.

Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey: present a depiction of heroes and physically powerful leaders in ancient Greek society

Houlihan, B. (2003). Sport and national identity in the post-war world: Britain and Japan. Routledge

https://ifbb.com/ is on the Internet, the site has been accessed 11:23 AM 6/10/2025

Jess, M. (2021). On beauty: Ancient perceptions of beauty from classical Greece to Imperial Rome.

Jones, B., & Smith, L. (2021). The impact of digital technology on fitness and bodybuilding. Journal of Sports Science and Technology, 12(1), 45-62.

Keen, M. (1984). Chivalry. Yale University Press.

Kenneth Clark, The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form: Analyzes the Evolution of the Concept of Physical Beauty in Western Art , starting from ancient times

Kyle, D. G. (2014). Sport and spectacle in the ancient world. John Wiley & Sons.‏

MacAuley, D. (1994). A history of physical activity, health and medicine. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 87(1), 32.

Maglischo, E. W., Plowman, S. A., & Robergs, R. A. (2019). Fitness and wellness (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education

Reshetnikov N. V. Fizicheskaya kultura [Physical Culture], Moscow, 2014, 176 p.

Roach, R. (2008). Muscle, Smoke, & Mirrors, Vol. 1: A History of Bodybuilding. AuthorHouse.

Roach, R. (2008). Muscle: A history. Temple University Press

Roach, S. (2008). This thing called bodybuilding: The strange history of an American subculture. Routledge

Schwarzenegger, A., & Dobbins, B. (1998). The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding. Simon & Schuster

Sevilmis, A., Özdemir, İ., & García-Fernández, J. (2023). The history and evolution of fitness. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 12, 4-4.

Stocking, C. H. (2014). Greek ideal as hyperreal: Greco-Roman sculpture and the athletic male body. Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 21(3), 45-74.‏

Stojiljković, N., Ignjatović, A., Savić, Z., Marković, Ž., & Milanović, S. (2013). History of resistance training. Activities Phys Educ Sport, 3(1), 135-8.‏

Stolbov V. V., Finogenova L. A., Melnikova N. Yu. Istoriya fizicheskoy kultury i sporta [History of Physical Culture and Sport], Moscow, 2000, 423 p. (rus)

The writings of ancient historians and philosophers, such as Herodotus and Plato, may include references to the importance of physical education and strength in society.

Todd, J. (1987). The physical culturists. Iron Game Enterprises

Todd, J. S. (1987). Physical culture and the body beautiful: Purposive exercise in the lives of American women, 1800-1870. Mercer University Press

Zeigler, E. F. (1975). A history of physical education & sport in the United States and Canada: Selected topics. Stipes.