composite Test for Performance Endurance in Handball Goalkeepers

Abstract

This study aims to design and standardize a test to measure the endurance of combined physical–skill performance for advanced handball goalkeepers, in response to the need for accurate scientific tools that assess real in-game performance. Most previous tests have focused on either physical or skill aspects separately, without integrating them within realistic competitive situations. The goalkeeper is considered one of the most critical positions in handball due to their decisive role in saving shots and initiating counterattacks, which requires high levels of endurance under continuous pressure. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method, as it best suits the nature of the problem. The research population consisted of goalkeepers from the Iraqi Premier League and First Division for the 2025–2026 season, with a sample of 40 goalkeepers. Various tools were used, including electronic timing devices, official handballs, and expert opinion and data recording forms. A composite test was designed to measure reaction speed, defensive movements, shot-saving ability, and continuous physical endurance. The goalkeeper performs a sequence of lateral movements and repeated saves under time pressure. The final score was calculated using a formula combining accuracy and completion time, providing a comprehensive evaluation of performance.To ensure the test’s validity, pilot studies were conducted, followed by establishing its scientific foundations in terms of validity, reliability, and objectivity. The results indicated high face and discriminant validity, supported by expert agreement and clear differences between performance levels. Reliability and objectivity coefficients were also satisfactory, and the difficulty level was appropriate for the sample. The findings revealed variability in performance levels, with most goalkeepers rated as “good,” while others ranged between excellent, average, and weak. This reflects individual differences and confirms the test’s ability to distinguish performance accurately. The researcher concluded that the test achieved its objectives and recommended its adoption in evaluation, selection, and training programs for goalkeepers.