The impact of the Wittrock model on learning the skill chest pass and high dribbling of in basketball and football for students

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the effect of the Wittrock model on students' learning of chest passing and high dribbling skills in basketball. The researcher used an experimental design with two equivalent groups, employing pre- and post-tests. The research population consisted of 171 second-year intermediate students at Al-Salam Intermediate School for Boys during the 2025-2026 academic year, divided into five sections. The research sample was randomly selected, with section (C) consisting of 20 students (the experimental group) and section (A) of 20 students (the control group), after excluding students with frequent absences or injuries. Homogeneity and equivalence were ensured in the pre-tests. The main experiment, comprising eight learning units based on the Wittrock model, was then implemented. Post-tests were administered, data were collected, and then analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to arrive at the results. The researcher concluded that implementing the learning units according to the Wittrock model had an effect on students' learning of chest passing and high dribbling skills in basketball. For students, the model clearly contributed to raising their performance level through its content, which gave the student a distinct and significant role in genuine and active participation, stimulating and enhancing their mental processes to achieve the lesson objectives. This was in contrast to the method used by the teacher with the control group. The researcher recommended the necessity of incorporating the Wittrock model into the teaching process for learning all skills, whether in basketball or other activities, in order to motivate and raise the skill level of students.